To remvie Caps Lock in Linux and replace it with escape: Add the following line to your init script: xmodmap .removecaps and create the file .removecaps with: :::::::::::::: .removecaps :::::::::::::: remove Lock = Caps_Lock keysym Caps_Lock = Escape add Lock = Caps_Lock And that is it, you are Caps Lock free. That trick is for X, for console use loadkeys, just do a man loadkeys and use it.